Idaho’s population grew rapidly after E. D. Pierce discovered gold in Orofino Creek in 1860. In 1862, George Grimes discovered gold in the Boise Basin. Towns grew rapidly as prospectors poured into the area. The Idaho Territory was created on March 4, 1863. Lewiston was named the capital. The territory included all of today’s Idaho and Montana, and most of Wyoming. Montana became a separate territory in 1864, and Wyoming followed in 1868. Boise became Idaho’s capital in 1864. Railroad construction sped the territory’s growth. Mormons brought the Utah Northern Railroad into Franklin in 1874. In 1884, the Oregon Short Line Railroad linked booming silver mines in Hailey and at the Big Wood River with Oregon. The growing white population led to conflicts with Indians. When the U.S. Army attempted to settle the Nez Percé Indians on the Lapwai Reservation in Idaho, they resisted. On June 17, 1874, they defeated U.S. troops at the battle of White Bird Canyon in north-central Idaho. The Nez Percé soon retreated, and were captured near the Canadian border.